How to plant cassava

Planting cassava (Manihot esculenta) is straightforward and can be done in a variety of climates, as it thrives in warm, tropical regions. Here’s a step-by-step guide on how to plant cassava:

1. Choose the Right Location

• Sunlight: Cassava requires full sunlight to grow well. Choose a spot that receives at least 6-8 hours of direct sunlight per day.
• Space: Cassava plants need plenty of space to grow, so plant them in rows with enough distance to allow for proper root development.

2. Soil Preparation

• Soil Type: Cassava grows best in well-draining, loamy or sandy soils. The soil should be light and not prone to waterlogging.
• pH Level: Aim for slightly acidic to neutral soil, with a pH between 5.5 and 7.0.
• Soil Enrichment: Cassava is a heavy feeder, so enrich the soil with organic matter or compost to improve fertility. It can also tolerate poorer soils, but better soil quality leads to better yields.

3. Selecting Cassava Cuttings

• Cassava is typically propagated using stem cuttings rather than seeds.
• Choosing Cuttings: Select healthy, disease-free cassava stems. These should be mature and about 8-12 inches (20-30 cm) long, with at least 4-6 nodes (the small bumps on the stem from which roots and branches grow).
• Preparation: Cut the stem at an angle to promote rooting. Remove any leaves from the bottom part of the stem where you plan to plant.

4. Planting the Cuttings

• Planting Depth: Plant the cassava cuttings at an angle of about 45 degrees, with 2-3 nodes buried in the soil.
• Spacing: Space each cutting about 3-4 feet (1-1.2 meters) apart in rows. The rows should be spaced about 4-5 feet (1.2-1.5 meters) apart to allow for proper growth.
• Soil Preparation: Dig small holes or trenches to plant the cuttings, then press the soil around them firmly to ensure good contact with the soil.

5. Watering

• Initial Watering: After planting, water the cuttings thoroughly to help establish the roots.
• Ongoing Watering: Cassava is drought-tolerant, but it benefits from regular watering, especially during dry periods. However, avoid overwatering, as this can lead to root rot. Aim to keep the soil moderately moist.

6. Fertilization

• Cassava is a heavy feeder, so fertilizing can help boost growth. Apply a balanced fertilizer or organic compost around the base of the plants every 3-4 months.
• During the growing season, it may be beneficial to add nitrogen-rich fertilizer, especially if the leaves start to look pale or yellow.

7. Weed Control

• Keep the planting area free of weeds, especially during the first few months of growth when the cassava is establishing itself. Weeds can compete with the cassava plants for nutrients and water.
• Use mulch to help suppress weeds and retain soil moisture.

8. Pest and Disease Control

• Cassava is relatively resistant to pests and diseases, but common pests like aphids, mites, and root mealybugs may appear. Regularly check the plants and use organic pesticides if needed.
• Keep an eye out for diseases like cassava mosaic disease, and remove infected plants immediately to prevent spreading.

9. Harvesting

• Time to Maturity: Cassava takes about 9 to 18 months to reach maturity, depending on the variety and growing conditions.
• Signs of Maturity: The leaves will start turning yellow, and the stems will become woody. To check, gently dig around one of the plants to see if the roots have developed fully.
• Harvesting: To harvest, use a shovel or hoe to dig up the roots carefully. Be cautious not to damage the roots, as they can bruise easily.

10. Storage

• After harvesting, cassava roots can be stored in a cool, dry place for a few days, but they are perishable. They should be used soon after harvest or processed into products like flour, chips, or starch if you plan to store them longer.

By following these steps, you should be able to successfully grow and harvest cassava.