WHAT IS AGRICULTURAL PRACTICES?
What is agricultural practices?
Agricultural practices refers to the set of principles to be applied in the agricultural production process to obtain better agricultural products. They are just farming practices to make farming easier. At this time, good agriculture is part of the way that is applied to agriculture, they help to produce food for consumers and other processing and storage.
list of agricultural practices
A complete list of agricultural practices and procedures is listed below:
1. landscape management
2. Soil / land preparation
3. Sowing seeds
4. Manuring
5. Irrigation
6.Weeding
7. Integrated pest management
8. Integrated livestock and crop
9. Harvesting
10. Crop storage
landscape management
Landscape is a clear representation of the territory, its topography and the combination of natural or artificial elements. Landscape management includes the maintenance and integration of physical elements, water, land cover, for example, vegetation, human features, for example, buildings and structures, and climate.
Landscape management is very important in agriculture, so it is the first in the list of agriculture.
Land preparation
In the list of agricultural activities, soil preparation comes second because of its importance for fruit production. Before the crops are planted, the soil is prepared and lightly plowed to prepare it for sowing. When plowing, the soil loosens and creates good air in the soil.
Gardening distributes and grows soil efficiently through a process called tillage. Later, fertilizers are applied to compensate for the nutrients lost during the previous harvest.
Sowing
Selection of seeds from good varieties is the main stage of sowing. When the soil is prepared, the seeds are spread in the field, which is called sowing. Manuals and seeders can be used. Some plants, such as rice, are first grown as plants in small spaces and then transplanted into fields.
Manuring
Plants need nutrients for their growth and the production of fruits and vegetables. Therefore, the supply of food is important in the interim period. Fertilization is when nutrients are introduced into the soil. These nutrients can be natural food or artificial fertilizers.
Biodegradable products and plant and animal waste are used as feed because of their high nutritional value. Commercial fertilizers are plant nutrients or chemical compounds designed to meet the nutritional needs of plants. Food not only provides nutrients to plants, but also restores fertility. Other methods of replenishing fish include crop rotation and planting trees.
Irrigation
To water is to give water to plants. Water bodies can be dams, ponds, wells, canals, etc. Excessive irrigation can damage crops and cause waterlogging. The interval and frequency of irrigation should be considered, because they vary depending on the crop.
Weeding
The unwanted plants that are planted around the plantation are called. These plants are eradicated using herbicides, hand-picked. Many weeds can be controlled with better soil preparation techniques.
IPM
– Integrated Pest Management
IPM
– Integrated Pest Management , is an effective and environmentally friendly method to control pests using sustainable practices. IPM is a process that includes assessment, decision making and pest control procedures. Although pesticides help control pests and improve crops, overuse of a single pesticide leads to the development of resistant strains.
Various plants have the ability to attract many birds and pests, and farmers can use them as a pest control agent, beneficial insects, such as lacewings and ladybugs. Planting trees around farms attracts birds there and even eats insects, thereby controlling the pest population.
Farmers can plant trees around the garden, which will attract beneficial insects and birds there. Later, these birds will help farmers control pests. For effective control of your plants and their production, you can use electric sprinklers or garden sprinklers to spray insecticides, herbicides and nutrients on the soil.
Integrated Crops and Livestock
The combination of crops and livestock makes a difference in environmental sustainability in both areas. In the meantime, it will provide an opportunity to increase agricultural production and profit.
Harvest
In the process of agriculture, harvesting requires special care, otherwise it will lead to a reduction in yield. When the harvest is ripe, cutting begins, and the products must be stored in a dry place. This process is known as harvesting. After harvest, a manual or threshing process is done to separate the grain from the stalks.
Storage /selling
At the end of the farming period, the harvested grains are stored in warehouses for further use and sale. Therefore, better plant protection methods should be used to protect grain from rodents and insects. Warehouses should be cleaned, vacuumed, thoroughly cleaned, etc. before storing grain.
The list of agricultural practices is universal across all regions, but the extent of application/inclusion of a particular practice varies depending on soil and environmental conditions and crop needs.
Here are some important farming practices:
1. Crop rotation: This practice of planting different crops on the same land one by one is the key to conserve the productive power of the land. It is the practice of planting different types of crops in the same area during the process. This is done mainly so that the land in the garden is not used for only one collection of food. It also helps to reduce soil erosion and increase soil fertility and crops.
2. Cover crops: These are linked to the management of soil fertility, quality, erosion, disease, diversity, water, insects, vegetation and wildlife in an agroecosystem. Nowadays, few countries use only this method of cultivation.
3. Soil Improvement: There are various methods used to improve the quality (nutrients, organic matter) in the soil. The two most common types are organic and inorganic systems. Biological systems are more effective than inorganic systems in terms of promoting biodiversity.
4. Natural predators: Parasites, pathogens, and predators that control pests. This is especially important to reduce the number of insects and mites from these organisms, which are often called “natural enemies”, which is also called biological control.
5. Biointensive Integrated Pest Management: A systematic approach to pest management based on an understanding of the pest ecosystem is often called BIPM. It begins with the process of identifying the nature and source of the pest problem. In addition, it depends on the preventive measures, within certain limits. As a last resort, hazardous pesticides are used sparingly to reduce the risks
